Electrical Consumption Monitoring and Variance Analysis in Selected Institutional Buildings: Basis for Energy Efficiency Management

Abstract

Energy efficiency has become a strategic priority in higher education institutions due to rising operational costs and sustainability commitments. This study analyzes electrical consumption patterns and variance across selected institutional buildings to support data-driven energy efficiency management. A descriptive-analytical design was employed using secondary data from monthly electrical monitoring records, focusing on average consumption, current usage, differential values, and percentage changes. Results indicate significant variation in energy consumption across facilities, reflecting differences in operational demand, occupancy, and system efficiency. Several buildings exhibited increased consumption relative to baseline levels, suggesting potential inefficiencies or shifts in utilization patterns. Variance analysis further revealed disparities in energy performance, highlighting the need for facility-specific management strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating real-time monitoring systems, standardized reporting, and energy management systems (EMS) to optimize electricity use. The study contributes to institutional sustainability efforts by providing empirical evidence for policy development, infrastructure improvement, and behavioral interventions aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 7.